Work is carried out in two main scientific areas: "Natural mineral systems" and "Man-made mineral systems".
The team develops research activity based on the systems approach in the study of mineral objects formed in natural gradient systems, with a view to the development of genetic models and their application in practice. The phase composition, quality characteristics and distribution of components in man-made systems formed during the exploitation of mineral raw materials, as well as their impact on the environment, are studied. Mineralogical databases are created and maintained.
Main objects of research are: igneous and metamorphic mineral associations; fluorite and other non-ore minerals; polymetallic deposits of the ЅEDEX type in carbonate rocks; metal-bearing sediments from oceanic rift zones; platinum group minerals; chert minerals; coal; waste products.
Звеното работи в две основни научни области: "Synthesis and crystallization of minerals and materials" and "Modeling of natural processes and systems".
The team performs synthesis and crystallization of minerals and materials in model systems and studies the products and processes of their formation. Experimentally models natural processes in gradient fields.
Main objects of research: microporous materials; natural zeolites; tungsten minerals; bentonites; phosphorites; clay and zeolite-based sorbents; Ti silicates; catalysts; single crystal growth for the laser technique.
The department works in two main scientific areas: "Crystal Chemistry" and "Physics of Minerals".
Scientific activity of the department is aimed at determining the crystal structure, phase-chemical composition and properties of monocrystalline and polycrystalline materials, minerals, synthetic and modified porous materials. Structural and crystallochemical interpretation of crystal structures is carried out on the basis of the apparatus and methods in crystallography available at IMC. Crystallographic databases are filled for identification of existing and new crystal phases.
The team carries out the synthesis of new chemical compounds with defined structure and properties related to fundamental research and applications for the needs of ecology, catalysis, medicine, nonlinear optics, mineralogy and crystallography. Physical methods for the study and characterization of minerals and materials are applied and developed. The phase composition of mineral systems and the processes of their change and modification are studied. Spectroscopic mineral databases are being filled.
Main objects of research are: optical materials.
Laboratory
"X-RAY STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS"
ANALYZES AND SERVICES
Чрез монокристален рентгеноструктурен анализ могат да се определят:
1. Кристална структура – Триизмерно подреждане на атомите
2. Пространствена група и симетрия – Важни за класификацията на материалите
3. Междуатомни разстояния и ъгли – Ключови параметри за молекулните взаимодействия
4. Атомни координати – Точната позиция на всеки атом в структурата
5. Тип на химичните връзки – Ковалентни, йонни, водородни връзки и др.
6. Абсолютна конфигурация – Определяне на хиралност при органични съединения.
В лабораторията могат да се извършват измервания при различни температури и налягания.
Нискотемпературни измервания - благодарение на нискотемпературна приставка с течен азот (до 100 K), можем да изследваме кристалните структури при ниски температури.
Това позволява:
1. намаляване на топлинните вибрации, което подобрява качеството на данните.
2. изследване на фазови преходи, чувствителни към температура
3. Анализ на нестабилни или летливи кристали (ДНК, белтъци и др.)
Измервания при високо налягане - чрез използване на диамантена наковална клетка (Diamond anvil cell) извършваме анализи на кристални структури при високи налягания (над 1 GPa).
Това позволява:
1. Изследване на структурни промени в екстремни условия.
2. Анализ на нови материали със специфични свойства.
3. Разбиране на фазовите преходи под налягане
Изисквания към пробите
1. Размер на кристала – Оптимален размер: 0.05 – 0.5 mm
2. Качество на кристала – добре оформени кристали без големи дефекти
3. Стабилност – пробите трябва да бъдат устойчиви при експерименталните условия
EQUIPMENT
"D2 Phaser"
Specifications: Cu Kα, λ = 1.54 Å
Applications: Qualitative and quantitative X-ray structural and
X-ray phase analysis.
"Supernova"
Specifications: Cu (1.54 Å) и Mo (0.71 Å)
Applications: Structural characterization of organic and inorganic crystal samples.
Specifications: Cu (1.54 Å) и Co (1.79 Å).
Working mode: The device operates in reflection, transmission, microdiffraction, high/low temperature modes, etc.
Applications: Qualitative and quantitative analysis; SAXS Microdiffraction, Measurements at different temperatures.
"D8 Venture"
Specifications: Cu (1.54 Å) и Mo (0.71 Å).
Working mode: Апаратът може да работи при ниска температура (до 100К) и при високи налягания (до 1 GPa, Diamond Anvil Cell).
Applications: Structural characterization of organic and inorganic crystal samples.
TEAM
Laboratory
"SPECTROSCOPY"
ANALYZES AND SERVICES
EQUIPMENT
"Hyperion 2000"
Specifications: LCD screen, MCT detector, camera, polarizers
Working mode: reflection, transmission and distorted total internal reflection (4x Vis; 15x cassegrain; 20x ATR objective with germanium crystal and built-in sensor for applied pressure on the sample)
"Tensor 37"
Specifications: Equipped with interchangeable sources and detectors for operation in the mid and near IR region (400-12500 cm-1).
Working mode: Equipped with a horizontal ATR attachment with a ZnSe crystal. OPUS 6.5 software package.
"Cary 100"
Specifications: Measures optical absorption spectra
in the range 190-900 nm of solutions, colloids and solid samples (plates).
"Cary 4000"
Specifications: Range 175 - 900 nm, volume of solid sample ~1 cubic cm, of liquid 0.2 to 3.5 ml.
Applications: The system is optimal for the analysis of solid samples or liquid biological samples with minimal sample preparation.
TEAM
Laboratory
"THERMOCHEMISTRY"
ANALYZES AND SERVICES
Subject of activity: Research into the thermal properties of materials, mineral raw materials and products from their processing.
Determination:
1. Purity of substances and the presence of impurities in them;
2. Thermal behavior of the tested sample or series of samples in a programmed operating mode, including obtaining data on: - the temperature intervals of transformation of the different phases of the tested sample; - taking into account the intermediate mass losses in the individual stages and the total mass losses at the end of the process; - calculating the dependence dm/dT = f(t) (DTG) and determining the inflection points of the reactions that have occurred;
3. Phase transition temperatures;
4. Thermal stability of the tested sample;
5. Mechanism of the thermal behavior of the studied sample;
6. Kinetic parameters of the decomposition process of the studied sample;
7. Phase diagrams;
8. Comparative characteristics of substances.
Determination:
1. Amount of heat released (absorbed) during a given process;
2. Heat of reaction;
3. Heat of phase transformations.
Determination:
Elemental analysis of solids, powders, alloys and thin films from fluorine to uranium (F → U)
Note: organic materials are not analyzed!
EQUIPMENT
Specifications: temperature range 20 -1500 deg C; possible heating and cooling rates from 0.1 to 50 deg/min; sample weight up to 20 mg; purge inert gas/air or static air;
Working mode: TGA-DTA + MS (OmniStar)
Specifications: amount of sample (from 1 to 10 mg), working atmosphere (air, argon, nitrogen, etc.), temperature range (-120 to 450 deg C).
Rigaku Supermini 200
Specifications: X-ray tube - 50 kV, 200 W Pd-anode; atmosphere - vacuum, primary radiation filter - Zr is standard; Al is optional; detectors - F-PC and scintillation;
Working mode: Elemental analysis of solids, liquids, powders, alloys and thin films from fluorine to uranium (F → U)
TEAM
Laboratory
"ELECTRON MICROSCOPY"
ANALYZES AND SERVICES
EQUIPMENT
"S25 Zeiss "
Specifications:
Working mode:
"EM420T"
Specifications:
TEAM
GALLERY
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Laboratory
"Personalized Innovative Medicine"
Project BG05M2OP001-1.002-0005
Laboratory
"National Center for Mechatronics and Clean Technologies"
Project № BG05M2OP001-1.001-0008:
Specifications: Cu (1.5406 Å) and Co (1.7902 Å);
Working mode: reflection, transmission, micro diffraction, high temperature mode, low temperature mode, etc.
Applications: Qualitative and quantitative analysis; SAXS, Microdiffraction, Measurements at different temperature and different gas environment.
Working mode: Chemisorption, Physisorption
Applications: pore size determination, surface properties measurement, gas absorption, etc.
Affinity ITC
Specifications: cell volume (190 ul), syringe volume (250 ul), temperature range (2-80 deg C), measured heat range (0.04 - 5000 uJ)
Specifications: amount of sample (from 1 to 10 mg), working atmosphere (air, argon, nitrogen, etc.), temperature range (-120 to 450 deg C).
"Pulverisette 7 Premium line"
Specifications: two grinding stations (agate) with volumes of 20, 40 and 80 ml
Applications: lossless grinding down to a final size of 100 nm of hard, medium hard and brittle materials. Depending on the desired final size, grinding can be done dry, in slurry or in an inert gas.
"Cary 4000"
Specifications: Range 175 - 900 nm, volume of solid sample ~1 cm3, of liquid 0.2 to 3.5 ml.
Applications: The system is optimal for the analysis of solid samples or liquid biological samples with minimal sample preparation.
"D8 Venture"
Specifications: Cu (1.54 Å) and Mo (0.71 Å);
Applications: Structural characterization of organic and inorganic crystal samples.
BG