{"id":12,"date":"2026-02-04T16:20:42","date_gmt":"2026-02-04T16:20:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imc.bas.bg\/ancient\/?page_id=12"},"modified":"2026-02-09T13:35:40","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T13:35:40","slug":"elementor-12","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/imc.bas.bg\/ancient\/","title":{"rendered":"Ancient glass"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"12\" class=\"elementor elementor-12\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e29eac e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5e29eac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ffb5e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ffb5e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434 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\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d, \u042e\u0433\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>National Science Fund, Competition for financial support of basic research projects \u2013 2025<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Project title:\u00a0Technologies and raw materials in the production of ancient glass (1<sup>st<\/sup>\u20135<sup>th<\/sup> century), discovered during archaeological excavations in the Upper Struma region, Southwestern Bulgaria<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4883a6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4883a6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" src=\"https:\/\/imc.bas.bg\/ancient\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Site-1024x769.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-28\" alt=\"Ancient glass from the archaeological site in the Arbanas district of the city of Radomir\" srcset=\"https:\/\/imc.bas.bg\/ancient\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Site-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/imc.bas.bg\/ancient\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Site-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/imc.bas.bg\/ancient\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Site-768x577.jpg 768w, https:\/\/imc.bas.bg\/ancient\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Site-1536x1153.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/imc.bas.bg\/ancient\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Site-2048x1538.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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\u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438.<\/p><p>\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0433, \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0418\u041c\u041a, \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0431\u0438 \u0432 \u0420\u0418\u041c-\u041f\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0449\u0435 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong><em>Abstract of the project:<\/em><\/strong><\/p><p>Analyzing the chemical composition of these previously unexamined ancient glass fragments, unique to Bulgaria in both design and craftsmanship, will yield valuable information about the connections with ancient glassmaking centers and the trade routes of raw materials and products between settlements in the Struma River valley and other Roman provinces, as well as data on optimal conditions for storage and restoration.<\/p><p>Approximately 40 fragments stored at the Regional History Museum in Pernik will be studied. Polished samples will be analyzed using SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-MS to determine their chemical composition, including unmelted inclusions from the raw materials. Samples with unmelted crystalline particles will undergo XRD analysis. The resulting data will help identify glass chemical groups, and, together with impurity elements, will provide information about the raw materials and recipes used in primary production centers. To determine the origin of the raw materials, Sr and Nd isotope measurements will be performed at the University of Geneva. Statistics and correlation of analytical data with archaeological analysis are planned to develop an interdisciplinary understanding of the origins of raw materials and technologies involved in the primary production of glass fragments.<\/p><p>An additional goal of the project is to conduct non-destructive examinations using UV\u2013VIS, FTIR, Raman, and XRF on approximately 30 volumetrically preserved glass objects to clarify the production technologies used and to correlate these with the results of the studied fragments.<\/p><p>The work program is organized into six work packages. The project includes plans for at least four publications in journals with an impact factor or rank, participation in conferences, the creation of a freely accessible online database cataloging the analyzed glass samples and study results, the organization of exhibitions, etc. All project outcomes will adhere to the principles of open science.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a76f7d1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a76f7d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d59b193 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d59b193\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><em>\u041e\u0447\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438:<\/em><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u044a\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438;<\/li><li>\u041a\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (\u0441\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0438) \u0432 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u044a\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435;<\/li><li>\u041f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e;<\/li><li>\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u044a\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e;<\/li><li>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438;<\/li><li>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u044a\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0449 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u044a\u043a\u043b\u043e;<\/li><li>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u044a\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435;<\/li><li>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><em><strong>Expected results:<\/strong><\/em><\/p><ul><li>Concept of the possible geographical sources of raw materials for the primary glass production of the studied fragments;<\/li><li>Concept of the production technologies used (raw materials and recipes) in the primary glass centers;<\/li><li>Positioning the Upper Struma region within the ancient economic and cultural systems of the Balkans and the Mediterranean;<\/li><li>New knowledge about the possible recycling of part of the glass;<\/li><li>Determination of the techniques used for processing the objects, part of which are the studied fragments;<\/li><li>Established similarities and differences in the technologies used and technological additives for the production of the volumetrically preserved objects and fragments in search of a possible common origin of the primary glass;<\/li><li>Determination of the degree of transformation of the glass mass, the nature of the corrosion products, and the development of conservation and storage strategies;<\/li><li>Integration of the findings into international scientific discussions and increasing interest in cultural tourism in the region.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u041a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u0437\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2013 2025 \u0433. \u0417\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430: \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u044a\u043a\u043b\u043e (I\u2013V \u0432\u0435\u043a), \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d, \u042e\u0433\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u00a0 \u00a0 National Science Fund, Competition for financial support of basic research projects \u2013 2025 Project title:\u00a0Technologies and raw materials 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